Architecture & Morality
Architecture & Morality | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | 6 November 1981 | |||
Recorded | 1980–1981 | |||
Studio | ||||
Genre | Synth-pop[3] | |||
Length | 37:13 | |||
Label | Dindisc | |||
Producer |
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Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark chronology | ||||
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Singles from Architecture & Morality | ||||
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Architecture & Morality is the third studio album by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released on 6 November 1981 by Dindisc.[7] Inspired by religious music, the group sought to broaden their musical palette by utilising elaborate choral samples, the Mellotron, and other new instruments to create a more naturalistic, emotive sound. The artwork was designed by longtime OMD collaborator Peter Saville, along with associate Brett Wickens, while its title was derived from the book Morality and Architecture by David Watkin.
Architecture & Morality reached number three on the UK Albums Chart, and was a top-10 entry across Europe. The record met with lukewarm reviews, but garnered acclaim from critics and other artists in the following years. It has been recognised as a seminal album of its era and the synth-pop genre, appearing in rankings of the best records of 1981 and the wider decade. Architecture & Morality has also featured in various "all-time" lists, including the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
The record became a commercial success, selling over four million copies and spawning three international hit singles – "Souvenir", "Joan of Arc" and "Maid of Orleans" – which together sold eight million copies. OMD have staged multiple tours based around the album.
Background
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mellotron.jpg/150px-Mellotron.jpg)
During the initial sessions for Architecture & Morality, OMD were looking for a new musical direction. Frontman Andy McCluskey, a longtime atheist, told how the band "found a lot of influence in the emotional power of religious music".[8][9] McCluskey informed Melody Maker at the time, "I haven't gone and 'got God'... It's just trying to understand why people need religion and believe in it."[2] The group spent two months recording at The Manor Studio, Shipton-on-Cherwell, with additional recording completed at the band's own Gramophone Suite in Liverpool. Mixing took place at Mayfair Studios, London.[2] Instrumentalist Martin Cooper left and re-joined the group during the making of the album, missing the bulk of the sessions. During his absence he formed Godot with former OMD session musician David Hughes.[2]
A catalyst in the development of OMD's new sound was Hughes' use of the band's studio to manipulate choral samples he had recorded; the album is noted for making liberal use of those samples,[9] as well as of the Mellotron, a mechanical tape-replay keyboard.[10] The group introduced other new instruments, including prominent guitars on opening track "The New Stone Age", whose sound was intended to startle the OMD audience.[9] All of these measures combined to produce a more naturalistic, emotive sound than on previous OMD releases.[11]
According to the album's credits, its title was suggested to the band by Martha Ladly (formerly of Martha and the Muffins), who had read the 1977 book Morality and Architecture by David Watkin.[1] Ladly, who was also a designer, was at the time the girlfriend of Peter Saville, the album's sleeve designer.[9] McCluskey felt the title Architecture & Morality represented the interplay between the human and mechanical aspects of OMD: "We had the 'architecture', which was the technology, the drum machines, the rigid playing, the attempt to break out of the box by playing specifically crafted sounds, and the 'morality', the organic, the human, the emotional touch, which we brought naturally."[9]
"Souvenir" was the first track to be written for the album. "Sealand" was named after the Royal Air Force's Sealand base on the Wirral;[9] it is also a nod to the Neu! song "Seeland".[12] The sample-heavy title track was compiled in the studio over a three-day period. "The Beginning and the End" was an older composition that the band had previously attempted to record but had shelved due to being unsatisfied with the results.[9] The songs avoided the verse-chorus-verse format, utilising lengthy instrumental passages and substituting choruses with synthesizer lines. Lyrics were largely inspired by historical figures and events, including Joan of Arc, after whom two songs were named.[9] The tenth-through-sixteenth tracks of the remastered edition are bonus tracks and were B-sides from the album's three singles – except for "Gravity Never Failed", which was an out-take from the Architecture & Morality sessions (its original title, "Georgia", was transferred to another song on the record).[1][9] This track was envisaged as a single, but was not released until it featured as the B-side of "Dreaming" (1988).[9] "Of All the Things We've Made", and a completed version of "The Romance of the Telescope (Unfinished)", would appear on OMD's next album, Dazzle Ships (1983).[13]
The cover artwork was produced by Peter Saville and associate Brett Wickens. Inspirations included "art movements like The Circle, and... mid-century iconic furniture like [Le] Corbusier and [Alvar] Aalto".[9][14]
Singles
[edit]Architecture & Morality yielded three singles, all of which reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart: "Souvenir" (number three), "Joan of Arc" (number five), and "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" (number four), a retitled "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)". Two singles were also successful in a variety of territories, with "Souvenir" and "Maid of Orleans" each charting at number one in various European countries; the latter became Germany's biggest-selling single of 1982.[15] "Joan of Arc" was only released in the UK.[10] The three singles sold eight million copies combined.[16][17]
Dindisc proposed "She's Leaving" as a fourth single, but the group refused, believing this would over-exploit the album; the label did proceed with a small-scale release in the Benelux region. OMD later regretted their decision, attributing it to being young and pretentious.[5][9] Classic Pop described "She's Leaving" as "the great OMD single that never was".[18]
Critical reception
[edit]Review scores | |
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Source | Rating |
All Music Guide to Rock | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Daily Record | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
LA Weekly | A[21] |
The Philadelphia Inquirer | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Pitchfork | 8.7/10[23] |
Q | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Record Collector | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Record Mirror | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Smash Hits | 9/10[27] |
Sounds | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Architecture & Morality met with a lukewarm critical response.[29] Lynden Barber of Melody Maker wrote: "I don't believe the Orchs even care about this record... the style is the same, the content profoundly different, the onslaught of emptiness, frivolity disguised by furrowed brows, a new brand of meaninglessness."[30] Boston Phoenix journalist M. Howell said the record "gives off the dry stench of self-importance" and would have been more aptly titled "Mortician & Morality".[31] David Fricke of Rolling Stone observed an "awkward mix of dreamy romanticism and spatial, Pink Floyd-ian abstractions", concluding that "too much sincerity and not enough spunk... make for attractive but dull fare."[32] Record Mirror's Daniela Soave cautioned that the album "requires more effort on the listener's part", adding, "Although I had misgivings initially, Architecture & Morality is no disappointment."[26]
Other critics were unapologetically favourable. Dave McCullough of Sounds gave a five-star review in which he referred to Architecture & Morality as OMD's "best album yet" and a "classic in the making",[28] while the Belfast Telegraph's Jim Cusack called it an "excellent album" by a band with "higher interests and concepts in music than most others of their genre."[33] Ian Cranna of Smash Hits noted "varied and imaginative arrangements" that enhance the group's "wonderful melodies and intelligent lyrics", summarising the record as OMD's "most impressive achievement to date".[27] Architecture & Morality was included in Billboard's "Recommended LPs".[34]
"We didn't think it got the respect it deserved", said McCluskey in 1983. "We put a lot into it and we really loved it... anything which undermines our own unstable balance creates a problem for us."[35] Sean O'Neal of The A.V. Club told how OMD responded to lacklustre reviews of the album by "pursu[ing] a darker, more defiantly experimental direction on its 1983 follow-up, Dazzle Ships—only to have the critics belatedly declare [Architecture & Morality] a masterpiece."[29] In particular, a 1984 Melody Maker article, in which Helen Fitzgerald labelled the record "the first true masterpiece of the Eighties", offset the unflattering contemporary review printed in the magazine.[36]
In the All Music Guide to Rock (2002), Ned Raggett wrote: "Combining everything from design and presentation to even the title into an overall artistic effort, this album showed that OMD was arguably the first Liverpool band since the later Beatles to make such a sweeping, all-bases-covered achievement."[19] Mark Lindores of Classic Pop asserted that "Merging the machinations of German electronica with warm Merseyside melodies and otherworldly choral samples... OMD struck the perfect balance between experimentalism and commercial appeal."[9] In Record Collector, John Doran observed an "astonishing record" whose content ranges from atmospheric love songs to the "propulsive and [Gary] Numanesque 'The New Stone Age'" and the sample-heavy "Georgia"; Doran also had praise for Saville's "austere and iconic" cover art.[25] Author Lori Majewski said, "Architecture and Morality is so original, so special, so sublime, that if there were no other new wave bands to speak of, the entire genre could still hang its hat solely on that record."[37]
Legacy
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moby_performing_at_the_David_Lynch_Weekend%2C_Maharishi_University_of_Management_in_Fairfield%2C_Iowa%2C_Saturday_evening%2C_April_26%2C_08.jpg/170px-Moby_performing_at_the_David_Lynch_Weekend%2C_Maharishi_University_of_Management_in_Fairfield%2C_Iowa%2C_Saturday_evening%2C_April_26%2C_08.jpg)
Architecture & Morality has appeared in several lists of 1981's best albums, being ranked no. 1 by The Morning News.[a] Tylko Rock writer Tomasz Beksiński placed it fourth in his 10 most important albums of the New Romantic era.[46] Architecture & Morality has been listed as one of the great records of the 1980s by outlets such as Uncut,[47] Mojo[48] and the St. Petersburg Times,[49] and was voted 13th in Classic Pop's "Top 100 Albums of the 1980s" reader poll.[50] It has featured in various "all-time" lists,[51] including critic Mark Fisher's "Top 100 British Albums",[52] Phantom FM's "Top 500 Albums of All Time",[53] and the book, 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[54] The Quietus also named the record one of their favourites.[55] In genre-specific lists, Paste ranked Architecture & Morality the fifth-greatest synth-pop album,[56] while Classic Pop labelled it the eighth-best electropop record;[18] Ultimate Classic Rock declared it the 35th-greatest new wave album and "a crucial connecting point in synth-pop's MTV-era transformation from wrist-slashing industrial-town dirges to sleek, love-struck modern pop music."[57]
Musicians Moby,[58] Frost,[59] Tor Lundvall,[60] Front Line Assembly's Rhys Fulber,[61] The Divine Comedy's Neil Hannon,[62] and Low's Alan Sparhawk[63] have named Architecture & Morality one of their favourite albums; Anohni,[64] Spacemen 3's Peter Kember,[65] and X Marks the Pedwalk's Sevren Ni-Arb[66] have cited it as an important record in their lives. Moby said, "I mean it's not hard to overdo the hyperbole, but it's a perfect album, so cohesive, and every song perfectly speaks to the other song, the unapologetic emotional quality of it is really inspiring. Even the artwork by Peter Saville, everything about it is perfectly crafted."[58] Jamie Stewart of Xiu Xiu called the record a "masterpiece",[67] while Charlatans vocalist Tim Burgess staged a Twitter listening party of the album, describing it as "genius" and "absolutely beautiful".[68] Architecture & Morality has received further endorsements from Kevin Hearn of Barenaked Ladies,[69] Alex Naidus of The Pains of Being Pure at Heart,[70] Jon Campbell of The Time Frequency,[71] and Jonn Penney of Ned's Atomic Dustbin, who selected it as the record he would place on a Christmas wish list.[72]
The subject of multiple "classic album" analyses,[9][73][74] Architecture & Morality is recognised as a seminal record of both the synth-pop genre, and the 1980s.[9][75][76] Fact labelled it "a key influence on the 80s synth-wave [sic] explosion",[77] while Rolling Stone listed the record among "The 20 Key Synth-Pop Albums", further describing it as "one of the most influential albums of the decade".[78] Architecture & Morality has been the focus of three tours: as well as touring in support of the album upon its release,[79] OMD included all of its songs in the main set of their 2007 comeback tour[80] (which spawned the 2008 live album and DVD, OMD Live: Architecture & Morality & More), and also staged a 40th anniversary tour in 2021.[81] The record has sold more than four million copies worldwide.[b]
Track listing
[edit]All songs by Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys, except where noted
No. | Title | Length |
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1. | "The New Stone Age" (McCluskey) | 3:22 |
2. | "She's Leaving" | 3:28 |
3. | "Souvenir" (Humphreys, Martin Cooper) | 3:39 |
4. | "Sealand" | 7:47 |
No. | Title | Length |
---|---|---|
5. | "Joan of Arc" (McCluskey) | 3:48 |
6. | "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)" (McCluskey) | 4:12 |
7. | "Architecture and Morality" | 3:43 |
8. | "Georgia" | 3:24 |
9. | "The Beginning and the End" | 3:48 |
No. | Title | Length |
---|---|---|
10. | "Extended Souvenir" (Humphreys, Cooper) | 4:16 |
11. | "Motion and Heart" (Amazon version) | 3:07 |
12. | "Sacred Heart" | 3:30 |
13. | "The Romance of the Telescope" (unfinished) | 3:22 |
14. | "Navigation" | 3:00 |
15. | "Of All the Things We've Made" | 3:25 |
16. | "Gravity Never Failed" | 3:24 |
No. | Title | Length |
---|---|---|
1. | "Souvenir" (promo video) | 3:25 |
2. | "Joan of Arc" (live on Top of the Pops, 29 October 1981) | 2:58 |
3. | "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" (promo video) | 4:02 |
4. | "Almost" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:54 |
5. | "Mystereality" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 2:41 |
6. | "Joan of Arc" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:25 |
7. | "Motion and Heart" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 2:58 |
8. | "Maid of Orleans" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:14 |
9. | "Statues" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:49 |
10. | "Souvenir" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:25 |
11. | "The New Stone Age" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:02 |
12. | "Enola Gay" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 3:29 |
13. | "Bunker Soldiers" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 2:47 |
14. | "Electricity" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 4:17 |
15. | "She's Leaving" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 4:26 |
16. | "Julia's Song" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 4:25 |
17. | "Stanlow" (live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 4 December 1981) | 6:28 |
Notes
- "Navigation" is edited some 30 seconds shorter at the end; the full original length version (3:26) is available on Navigation: The OMD B-Sides.
- Disc one of the 2007 collector's edition is the same as the 2003 remastered CD.
Personnel
[edit]- Paul Humphreys – synthesisers, piano, Mellotron, acoustic and electronic percussion, organ, rhythm programming, radios, melodica and vocals
- Andy McCluskey – synthesisers, Mellotron, guitar, bass, rhythm programming, acoustic and electronic percussion, reed horns, organ and vocals
- Malcolm Holmes – drums, electronic and acoustic percussion, bass synthesiser
- Martin Cooper – saxophone
- Michael Douglas – synthesisers, piano, organ
Charts
[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
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Year-end charts[edit]
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Certifications
[edit]Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Netherlands (NVPI)[98] | Gold | 50,000^ |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[99] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[7] | Platinum | 300,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |
References
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- ^ a b c d Waller, Johnny; Humphreys, Mike (1987). Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark: Messages. Sidgwick & Jackson. pp. 90–97. ISBN 0-283-99234-4.
- ^ a b Womack, Andrew (4 April 2007). "The Top 10 Albums of 1981". The Morning News. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "BPI".
- ^ a b "Q & A". omd.uk.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ "OMD singles".
- ^ a b "British album certifications – OMD – Architecture and Morality". British Phonographic Industry. 4 February 1982. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ Nunn, Jerry (21 September 2011). "Andy McCluskey". GoPride. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Lindores, Mark (4 September 2022). "Classic Album: Architecture & Morality". Classic Pop. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ a b Browne, Paul (12 March 2003). "Architecture & Morality Interview: Andy McCluskey". Messages. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ^ Thompson, Dave. "The Beginning and the End – Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark". AllMusic. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
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With eight million singles and four million albums sold, Architecture & Morality...
- ^ a b Shand, Max (8 November 2019). "OMD at 40: Making Sense of a Synthpop Legacy". PopMatters. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ^ a b Hurley, Oliver (25 August 2021). "Top 15 Electropop Albums". Classic Pop. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
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One of the UK's most influential electro groups and one of the genre's best albums. It may have been released originally in 1981 but still sounds as fresh today.
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OMD's 1981 masterwork [...] perfectly balanced the avant garde with top-flight songwriting, pooling those [Kraftwerk and Brian Eno] influences together for an unforgettable set that few in the genre have come close to matching.
- ^ a b Doran, John (June 2007). "Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark – Architecture & Morality". Record Collector. No. 337. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ a b Soave, Daniela (7 November 1981). "OMD: Architects of the Future". Record Mirror. p. 19.
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- ^ Fricke, David (13 May 1982). "Speak & Spell". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Cusack, Jim (23 January 1982). "Rock". Belfast Telegraph.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Fitzgerald, Helen (28 April 1984). "New Junk for Old". Melody Maker.
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8. Architecture & Morality, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b Jackson, Josh (21 June 2021). "The Best Albums of 1981". Paste. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Top 500 Albums of All Time". Phantom FM. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
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Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark released one of the Quietus' favourite albums... Architecture & Morality.
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...Architecture & Morality [and] Dazzle Ships. Those records, they really changed me when I was a kid. I'd never heard anything quite like it.
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Amazing music.
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Architecture and Morality, the Classic Album of the Day.
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- ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 4305". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) – Architecture & Morality" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) – Architecture & Morality" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Charts.nz – OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) – Architecture & Morality". Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ Salaverri, Fernando (2015). Sólo éxitos 1959–2012 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 978-84-8048-866-2.
- ^ "Swedishcharts.com – OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) – Architecture & Morality". Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ Scaping, Peter, ed. (1982). "The Top 200 LPs: January–December 1981". BPI Year Book 1982 (5th ed.). London: British Phonographic Industry. pp. 50–53. ISBN 0-906154-03-0.
- ^ "Top 100 Albums 82". RPM. Vol. 37, no. 19. 25 December 1982. p. 19. ISSN 0315-5994 – via Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Album 1982" (in Dutch). Dutch Charts. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 1982". Offizielle Deutsche Charts (in German). Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ Rees, Dafydd; Lazell, Barry; Jones, Alan (1983). "The Top 100 UK Albums". Chart File Volume 2. London: Virgin Books. pp. 82–83. ISBN 0-907080-73-1.
- ^ "Dutch album certifications – OMD – Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 3 October 2021. Enter Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1982 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
- ^ Salaverrie, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. p. 916. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Notes
[edit]External links
[edit]- Album lyrics at official OMD website